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1 New Orleans, Battle of
Произошла в конце англо-американской войны 1812-14 [ War of 1812], уже после заключения Гентского договора [ Treaty of Ghent] 24 декабря 1814. После ряда неудачных попыток взять Новый Орлеан, утром 8 января 1815 англичане, не знавшие о заключенном договоре, атаковали гарнизон под командованием генерала Э. Джексона [ Jackson, Andrew] силами до 5 тыс. человек, но были отброшены, потеряв около 2 тыс. человек (289 убитыми). Американцы потеряли 71 человека (13 убитыми). Бой шел всего около получаса. Победа американцев устранила опасность захвата города и долины р. Миссисипи [ Mississippi River], но не повлияла на условия мирного договора. Победа сделала Э. Джексона национальным героем и сыграла решающую роль в его политической карьереEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > New Orleans, Battle of
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2 Battle of New Orleans Day
Праздник штата [ state holiday] Луизиана, отмечаемый ежегодно 8 января.English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Battle of New Orleans Day
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3 New Orleans
[ˏnju:ˊɔ:li:nz||ˊɔ:lɪǝnz] Новый Орлеан, крупнейший город в штате Луизиана ( с пригородами более 1 млн. жителей). Необычный для США город с культурными традициями, берущими начало от французских, испанских, креольских, негритянских, мексиканских, индейских корней; всё это, переплавленное в котле жаркого американского Юга, прорывается наружу бурей эмоций в дни карнавала Марди-Гра [*Mardi Gras] и криком души в импровизациях диксиленда. Музыканты джаза называют Новый Орлеан «большим спокойным» [Big Easy], а их самих в Новом Орлеане называют «профессорами». Они лучше всех знают и чувствуют Новый Орлеан. В городе с населением св. миллиона нет машиностроения и тяжёлой промышленности, на протяжении всей своей истории он был центром торговли, крупнейшим портом на юге США, в дельте р. Миссисипи, и, несмотря ни на что, сохранил атмосферу европейского города XVIII в. Для американцев он всегда был центром утончённой культуры. Город основан французами в 1718, в первой половине XVIII в. Новый Орлеан был административным центром французских колоний в Америке (1723—63), затем был передан под испанское управление, а в 1803 снова возвращён Франции. В 1803 Наполеон продал Луизиану Соединённым Штатам, что сразу удвоило размеры нового государства. В 1815 американский ген. Эндрю Джексон [*Jackson, Andrew], во главе кентуккской милиции, собрав всех, кого можно, — новоорлеанского пирата Жана Лафита, индейцев племени чокто, множество креолов и некоторое число чёрных рабов, разгромил англичан в битве под Новым Орлеаном [*Battle of New Orleans]. В годы Гражданской войны (1861—65) город был объектом ожесточённой борьбы между армиями Севера и Юга. После войны Новый Орлеан продолжал расти как порт по вывозу хлопка, сахарного тростника и индиго, выращиваемых на соседних плантациях, и как своего рода космополитический осколок Старого Света, сверкающий в глуши американского Глубокого Юга [*Deep South]. Прозвище: «большой спокойный» [Big Easy]. Житель: новоорлеанец [New Orleanean]. Река: Миссисипи [*Mississippi II]. Районы, улицы, площади: площадь Джексона [*Jackson Square]; улицы Бёрбон-стрит [*Bourbon Street], Канал-стрит [*Canal Street] и Ройял [*Royal Street]; Садовый район [*Garden District]; Променад Муна [*Moon Walk]. Комплексы зданий, памятники: дворец Кабилдо [*Cabildo], собор Св. Людовика [*St. Louis Cathedral]. Музеи, памятные места: Дом с привидениями [*Haunted House]; аптека Пешо [*Peychaud’s Pharmacy]; Старый монетный двор [*Old Mint]; зал Презервейшн-Холл [*Preservation Hall]; кузница Лафита [*Laffite’s Blacksmith Shop]; особняк мадам Джонс [*Madame John’s Legacy]. Худ. музеи, выставки: Новоорлеанский художественный музей [*New Orleans museum of Art]. Культурные центры, театры: «Маленький театр Французского квартала» [*Le Petit Theatre du Vieux Carre], Театр исполнительских искусств [*Theater of the Performing Arts], Центр исполнительских искусств Сэнджера [*Saenger Performing Arts Center], Новоорлеанский филармонический оркестр [*New Orleans Philarmonic Symphony], Муниципальная аудитория [*Municipal Auditorium], Музыкально-драматический театр Нового Орлеана [New Orleans Music and Drama Foundation]. Учебные заведения, научные центры: Университет Тулейн [*Tulane University], Университет Лойолы [*Loyola University], Новоорлеанский университет [*University of New Orleans]. Периодические издания: «Нью-Орлеанс таймс» [*‘New Orleans Times-Picayune, The’]. Спорт: крытый стадион «Супердом» [*Superdome]; футбольные команды: «Новоорлеанские святые» [*‘New Orleans Saints’] и «Новоорлеанские крушители» [*‘New Orleans Breakers’]. Магазины, рынки: Французский рынок [*Old French Market]. Отели: «Понтчартрейн» [*‘Pontchartrain Hotel’], «Ройял Орлеанс» [*‘Royal Orleans Hotel’]. Рестораны: «Вершина марта» [*‘Top of the Mart’], «Руфь» [*‘Le Ruth’s’], «Антуан» [*‘Antoine’s’], «Бреннан» [*‘Brennan’s’]. Достопримечательности: оз. Понтчартрейн [*Lake Pontchartrain]; прогулочный пароход «Жан Лафит» [*‘Bayou Jean Laffite’]; усадьба Хоумас-Хаус [*Houmas House]; кладбище Св. Людовика [*St. Louis Cemetery Number One]. Фестивали: Новоорлеанский фестиваль джаза и культурного наследия [*New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival], праздник Марди-Гра [*Mardi Gras]США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > New Orleans
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4 War of 1812
Явилась результатом стремления Великобритании к подрыву экономики и торговли США в период наполеоновских войн. Британский флот захватывал американские суда, часто под предлогом того, что на них скрываются английские моряки-дезертиры. После инцидента с фрегатом "Чесапик" [ Chesapeake Incident] (1807) и принятия законов об эмбарго [ Embargo Act] (1807) и о невмешательстве [ Nonintercourse Act] (1810) в США, особенно в Новой Англии [ New England], сформировалась "партия войны" - в Конгресс были избраны "военные ястребы" [ War Hawks], выступавшие за войну с Англией и рассчитывавшие расширить территорию США за счет Канады и Флориды. 18 июня 1812 президент и Конгресс объявили войну Англии. Военные действия начались в июне 1812, шли в районах американо-канадской границы, Чесапикского [ Chesapeake Bay] и Мексиканского [ Mexico, Gulf of] заливов с переменным успехом и закончились весной 1815. Велась также интенсивная морская война. В ходе кампаний 1812 и 1813 проявилась неподготовленность американцев к войне; провалились попытки США оккупировать территорию Канады. Англичанам постепенно удалось усилить блокаду американского побережья по всей его протяженности. Однако 10 сентября 1813 американская эскадра нанесла поражение противнику на озере Эри [Lake Erie, Battle of]; в результате США удалось взять под контроль приграничные районы на Западе. На протяжении 1814 США вновь угрожало полное поражение: после победы над Наполеоном в Европе Великобритания направила большие силы на борьбу с американцами, а правительство США к осени было неплатежеспособным. Основными направлениями ударов стали Нью-Йорк (с целью отрезать от остальной части США Новую Англию), Новый Орлеан (с целью блокировать бассейн р. Миссисипи [ Mississippi River]) и район Чесапикского залива (что было обманным маневром). 24 августа 1814 англичане заняли Вашингтон и сожгли его. Однако на подступах к Балтимору у форта Макгенри [ Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine] 13-14 сентября англичане встретили более ожесточенное сопротивление. На севере 10-тысячная английская армия выступила со стороны Монреаля, но 11 сентября американцы разбили английский флот в бухте Платтсбурга [ Plattsburgh, Battle of], и, лишившись поддержки флота, британские сухопутные силы были вынуждены отступить в Канаду. Переговоры по заключению мирного договора начались в июне 1814, и 24 декабря был подписан Гентский договор [ Treaty of Ghent], восстановивший довоенный статус-кво, но не решивший территориальных и экономических вопросов, вызвавших войну. Общие потери американцев в войне составили 2260 человек. Эта война также получила название второй Войны за независимость [ Second War of American Independence].см тж Madison, James; Harrison, William Henry; Jackson, Andrew; Perry, Oliver Hazard; Key, Francis Scott; First Nonimportation Act of 1806; Macon's Bill No. 2; Hartford Convention; Lundy's Lane, Battle of; New Orleans, Battle of; Constitution, U.S.S.; Our Country, Right or Wrong; Star-Spangled Banner, The 2.English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > War of 1812
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5 Tennessee
Штат в группе штатов Юго-Восточного Центра. Площадь 109,1 тыс. кв. км. Население 5,6 млн. человек (2000). Столица г. Нашвилл [ Nashville]. Крупнейшие города - Мемфис [ Memphis], Ноксвилл [ Knoxville], Чаттануга [ Chattanooga]. Граничит со штатами Кентукки [ Kentucky] и Вирджиния [ Virginia] на севере, с Северной Каролиной [ North Carolina] на востоке, со штатами Джорджия [ Georgia], Алабама [ Alabama] и Миссисипи [ Mississippi] на юге, с Арканзасом [ Arkansas] и Миссури [ Missouri] на западе. Восточная часть штата занята Аппалачскими горами [ Appalachian Mountains; Great Smoky Mountains] (высшая точка гора Клингменс-Доум [ Clingmans Dome], 2025 м), узкие хребты которых разделены продольными долинами. На западе расположена низменность между реками Теннесси [ Tennessee River] и Миссисипи [ Mississippi River]. Между горами и низменностью лежит плато Камберленд [ Cumberland Plateau]. Около половины территории штата покрыто лесами. Климат на северо-востоке умеренный, влажный, в горах - континентальный, субтропический на юге. В горах выпадает рекордное количество осадков, в США характерное еще только для Тихоокеанского Северо-Запада [ Pacific Northwest]. Первыми известными обитателями этих земель были представители культуры строителей курганов [ Mound Builders], а первым побывавшим в этих местах европейцем был Э. де Сото [ De Soto, Hernando] (1541). Тогда же здесь жили племена чероки [ Cherokee], шауни [ Shawnee] и чикасо [ Chickasaw]. В XVII-XVIII вв. на эти земли претендовали как Англия, так и Франция, но в 1763 по Парижскому договору [ Treaty of Paris] французы отказались от всех территориальных претензий на земли восточнее р. Миссисипи [ Mississippi River] в пользу Великобритании, что создало фактор стабильности и способствовало колонизации Теннесси. В 1772 обосновавшиеся здесь поселенцы создали т.н. Ассоциацию Ватога [ Watauga Association] с целью защиты общих интересов и осуществления правосудия. Лидерами этой организации были Дж. Севьер [Sevier, John] и Дж. Робертсон [Robertson, James], в 1779 основавшие поселение на месте современного Нашвилла. Теннессийские поселенцы активно поддержали движение колоний за независимость; волонтеры под командованием Севьера и И. Шелби [ Shelby, Isaac] сыграли решающую роль в победе при Кингс-Маунтин [ King's Mountain, Battle of] (1780), предотвратившей объединение сил англичан. После Войны за независимость [ Revolutionary War] и многочисленных столкновений с племенами чероки, в 1784 был создан т.н. штат Франклин [ State of Franklin] на северо-востоке Теннесси, состоявший из земель, переданных Северной Каролиной в распоряжение федеральных властей. Северная Каролина отказалась признать новый штат, а его губернатор Севьер был арестован в 1788, после чего штат прекратил свое существование. После повторной передачи Северной Каролиной этих земель в распоряжение федерального правительства (1789), Дж. Вашингтон [ Washington, George] назначил в 1790 У. Блаунта [Blount, William] губернатором всех территорий США южнее р. Огайо [ Ohio River]. 1 июня 1796 Теннесси стал шестнадцатым по счету штатом в составе США, а пост губернатора вновь получил Севьер. С началом англо-американской войны 1812-14 [ War of 1812] около 28 тыс. теннессийцев приняли участие в боевых действиях, а в сражении при Новом Орлеане [ New Orleans, Battle of] выходцы из этого штата составляли большинство американской армии, при этом особенно прославился фактический победитель сражения Э. Джексон [ Jackson, Andrew]. Такое же активное участие штат принимал во всех войнах с индейцами [ Indian Wars] восточнее р. Миссисипи. Среди знаменитых героев этой поры уроженцы штата Д. Крокетт [ Crockett, Davy (David)] и С. Хьюстон [ Houston, Samuel (Sam)]. С началом Гражданской войны [ Civil War] население этого пограничного штата [ Border States] было разделено на две враждующие стороны - на востоке поддерживали единство Союза [ Union] и отмену рабства [ abolition], жители центральной и западной частей штата поддерживали Конфедерацию [ Confederate States of America] и рабовладение. В результате Теннесси последним из южных штатов вышел из состава США и был первым из штатов бывшей Конфедерации восстановлен в составе США. Из-за своего географического положения штат стал ареной большого числа сражений. После победы северян у форта Донелсон [ Fort Donelson National Battlefield] в штате было введено военное правление во главе с Э. Джонсоном, а после войны Теннесси испытал на себе все тяготы Реконструкции [ Reconstruction], закончившейся здесь в 1870. Тогда же демократы заняли доминирующее положение в политической жизни штата; в том же году была принята ныне действующая конституция штата [ state constitution]. Практически сразу после Гражданской войны начался и процесс активной индустриализации. В 1925 штат привлек внимание всей страны "обезьяньим процессом" [ Monkey trial] в г. Дейтоне. В 1940-50-е Теннесси стал лидером возрождающегося "Нового Юга" [ New South]. В 1960-е штат был охвачен движением за гражданские права [ civil rights movement], но десегрегация прошла здесь относительно спокойно. 4 апреля 1968 в Мемфисе был убит М. Л. Кинг [ King, Martin Luther, Jr. (MLK)]. В 1980-е за счет миграции существенно увеличился прирост населения Теннесси. Штат занимает первое место в США по добыче цинка. В промышленности основная доля приходится на машиностроение, химическую, пищевую и текстильную промышленность, а также производство резины и пластмассы. В 1980-90-е заметное место занимают автомобилестроительные заводы американских и японских фирм. В энергетике главенствующую роль играет Управление ресурсами бассейна Теннесси [ Tennessee Valley Authority]. Основные сельскохозяйственные районы (с преимущественно мелкими фермерскими хозяйствами) расположены в низменности долины Миссисипи, но сельское хозяйство играет незначительную роль в экономике. В Теннесси и поныне сохраняются традиционные различия между промышленным востоком (в политике - бастион республиканцев) и сельским западом (оплот демократов), хотя сейчас эти различия представляются многим скорее преимуществом для развития штата, чем его недостатком. Несмотря на повышение уровня жизни и доходов населения по мере диверсификации экономики, доход на душу населения в штате продолжает оставаться ниже среднего. -
6 Jackson, Andrew
(1767-1845) Джексон, Эндрю7-й президент США [ President, U.S.] (в 1829-37), военный и государственный деятель. Происходил из небогатой семьи ирландских иммигрантов. Систематического образования не получил. Начал политическую карьеру как член конституционного конвента Теннесси (1796), был первым конгрессменом от этого штата (1796-97), сенатором (1797-98), членом верховного суда штата (1798-1804). Как командир ополчения [ militia] Теннесси, стал национальным героем в период англо-американской войны 1812-14 [ War of 1812] на ее последнем этапе. Отличился в Крикской войне [ Creek Wars] (в марте 1814 одержал решающую победу над индейцами крик в битве у излучины Хорсшу-Бенд [ Horseshoe Bend, Battle of]). Отбил попытку вторжения англичан в Новом Орлеане [ New Orleans, Battle of] (1815), за что получил прозвище "Крепкий орешек" [ Old Hickory]. В 1818 подавил восстание индейцев-семинолов [ Seminole Wars]. Опираясь на поддержку плантаторов Юга, фермеров Запада, а также новой буржуазии и рабочих, одержал победу на президентских выборах 1828. После победы на выборах уволил более 2 тыс. чиновников и назначил на их места своих сторонников, тем самым создав прецедент "дележа добычи" [ spoils system]; ему же принадлежит роль создателя первого "кухонного кабинета" [ kitchen cabinet]. Политическая группировка, образовавшаяся вокруг Джексона, положила начало Демократической партии [ Democratic Party, Jacksonian Democracy], а оппозиция в ответ создала партию вигов [ Whig Party]. Так были заложены основы двухпартийной системы. На посту президента выступал за демократизацию избирательной системы и против монопольных привилегий центрального банка США, функции которого выполнял Второй банк Соединенных Штатов [ Second Bank of the United States] в г. Филадельфии. В 1828 Джексон направил войска в Южную Каролину после ее отказа подчиниться федеральным законам о тарифах. В 1835 благодаря его усилиям был выплачен национальный долг США. В 1910 избран в национальную Галерею славы [ Hall of Fame]English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Jackson, Andrew
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7 Goldwynism
"голдвинизм" ("ляпы" Голдвина)Смешные фразы, случайные оговорки кинопродюсера Сэма Голдвина [ Goldwyn, Samuel]. Среди его "перлов" наиболее известны следующие: "Каждый, кто обращается к психиатру, должен проверить голову" ["Anyone who goes to a psychiatrist ought to have his head examined"], "Я отвечу в двух словах: НЕ-ВОЗМОЖНО" ["I'll say it in two words: im-possible"], "За это время из нас утекло много воды" ["We have all passed a lot of water since then"], "Устный контракт не стоит бумаги, на которой написан" ["A verbal contract isn't worth the paper it's written on"]. Уверяют, что на съемках одного из фильмов о войне Голдвин произнес "Приподнимите ружья пониже" ["Elevate those guns a little lower"], хотя в действительности эта оговорка принадлежит Э. Джексону [ Jackson, Andrew]; она прозвучала в 1815 во время битвы под Новым Орлеаном [ New Orleans, Battle of] -
8 Jackson Day
Официальный праздничный день [ state holiday] в штате Луизиана в память о победе генерала и впоследствии президента США Э. Джексона [ Jackson, Andrew] под Новым Орлеаном [ New Orleans, Battle of] (8 января 1815). Особенно торжественно отмечается сторонниками Демократической партии [ Democratic Party]English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Jackson Day
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9 Jackson Day dinner
Торжественный ужин, посвященный победе генерала Э. Джексона [ Jackson, Andrew] над англичанами под Новым Орлеаном [ New Orleans, Battle of]. С 1885 ежегодно 9 января дается лидерами Демократической партии [ Democratic Party].English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Jackson Day dinner
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10 Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve
Парк в окрестностях г. Нового Орлеана, шт. Луизиана, включающий природные и исторические памятники дельты р. Миссисипи [ Mississippi River]. Состоит из трех основных частей:1) зона Шалметта [Chalmette Unit] - место победы американцев в сражении за Новый Орлеан [ New Orleans, Battle of] (1815) во время Войны 1812 [ War of 1812] и Национальное кладбище Шалметт [Chalmette National Cemetery]2) Французский квартал [ Vieux Carre] с частью исторических памятников г. Нового Орлеана, прилегающих к Джексон-скуэр [ Jackson Square]3) Зона Баратарии [Barataria Unit], включенная в парк с целью сохранения экологии заболоченной лагуны залива Баратария [ Barataria Bay] южнее Нового Орлеана. Общая площадь - около 8 тыс. гаEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve
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11 Laffite, Jean
(1780?-1825?) Лаффит (Лафитт), ЖанФранцузский пират и контрабандист, нападавший на испанские суда в Мексиканском заливе южнее г. Нового Орлеана. За помощь, оказанную Э. Джексону [ Jackson, Andrew] в борьбе с английским флотом в ходе битвы за Новый Орлеан [ New Orleans, Battle of], получил прощение от президента Мэдисона [ Madison, James]. После войны снова начал заниматься пиратством, основав в 1817 поселение в бухте на о. Галвестон [ Galveston Pirates]. После нападения на американский корабль (1821) против него был послан военно-морской флот, и Лафитт на фрегате "Гордость" [Pride, the] был вынужден покинуть остров. Точное место и время его смерти неизвестнытж Lafitte, JeanEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Laffite, Jean
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12 Louisiana
[luɪzɪˊænǝ] Луизиана, штат на Юге США <назв. в честь короля Франции Людовика XIV [Louis XIV, king of France]>. Сокращение: LA II. Прозвища: «пеликаний штат [*Pelican State], «креольский штат» [*Creole State], «сахарный штат» [*Sugar State], «штат речных рукавов» [*Bayou State], «дитя реки Миссисипи» [*Child of the Mississippi River], «американская Голландия» [*Holland of America], «рай для спортсмена» [Sportsman’s Paradise]. Житель штата: луизианец [Louisianian]. Столица: г. Батон-Руж [Baton Rouge]. Девиз: «Союз, справедливость и уверенность» [*‘Union, justice and confidence’]. Песня: «Дайте мне Луизиану» [‘Give Me Louisiana’]. Цветок: магнолия [magnolia]. Птица: пеликан [Eastern brown pelican]. Дерево: кипарис [cypress]. Площадь: 116369 кв. км (47,752 sq.mi). Население (1992): св. 4,2 млн. (21- е место). Крупнейшие города: Новый Орлеан [*New Orleans], Шривпорт [Shreveport]. Экономика. Основные отрасли: оптовая и розничная торговля, обслуживание государственных объектов, обрабатывающая промышленность, строительная индустрия, транспорт, горнодобывающая промышленность. Основная продукция: продукция химической и пищевой промышленности, транспортное оборудование, электронное оборудование, нефтепродукты, пиломатериалы, бумага. Сельское хозяйство. Основные культуры: соя, сахарный тростник, рис, кукуруза, хлопок, батат ( сладкий картофель), дыни, орехи-пекан, сорго. Животноводство (1991): скота — 1,02 млн., свиней — 60 тыс., овец — 16 тыс., птицы — 1,85 млн. Лесное хозяйство: сосна, твердодревесные породы, дуб. Полезные ископаемые: основной производитель соли, 2-е место по добыче серы, песок и гравий. Рыболовство (1992): на 295 млн. долл. История: здесь в 1519—41 гг. впервые побывали испанцы Пиньеда [Piсeda], Кабеса де Вака [Cabeza de Vaca] и де Сото [De Soto, Hernando]. В 1628 на этот район выдвинула претензии Франция по заявке Ла Саля [*La Salle]. Первым поселением было французское (1699) в районе Билокси [Biloxi] ( ныне в штате Миссисипи). Франция уступила район Испании в 1762, вернула в 1800 и продала Соединённым Штатам в 1803. Во время Войны за независимость испанская Луизиана помогала американцам. Получив статус штата в 1812, Луизиана стала ареной сражения за Новый Орлеан в 1815. Луизианские креолы являются потомками ранних французских и испанских поселенцев. Ок. 4 тыс. акадийцев [*Acadians] — французских поселенцев канадской провинции Новая Шотландия [Nova Scotia] были силой перемещены англичанами в Луизиану в 1755 (это событие описано Лонгфелло в поэме «Эванджелина» [‘Evangeline’, 1847]) и осели возле Байу-Тече [Bayou Teche], их потомков называют «кейжаны» [*Cajuns]. Другая группа, «айленос» [Islenos], — потомки жителей Канарских островов, привезённых в Луизиану испанским губернатором в 1770. Остатки испанского и французского языков сохраняются в местных диалектах. Достопримечательности. В Новом Орлеане: карнавал Марди-Гра, Французский квартал, стадион «Супердом» [*Superdome], джаз «диксиленд», место Нью-Орлеанского сражения [*Battle of New Orleans], мемориальный парк Лонгфелло «Эванджелина»; Музей «Кент-Хаус» в Александрии, сады Ходжес-Гарденз [Hodges Gardens] и усадьбы плантаторов в Натчилотчесе [Natchilotches] и Новой Иберии [New Iberia]; поселения французских колонистов в дельте р. Миссисипи, Национальный исторический парк Шалметт [Chalmette National Historical Park], правительственные здания в г. Батон-Руж. Знаменитые луизианцы: Армстронг, Луис [*Armstrong, Louis], музыкант и певец джаза; Борегард, Пьер [*Beauregard, Pierre], генерал в армии южан, начавший Гражданскую войну в США; Бенджамин, Джуда [Benjamin, Judah P.], государственный деятель Конфедерации южных штатов во время Гражданской войны в США; Брэг, Брэкстон [Bragg, Braxton], генерал в армии южан; Лонг, Хью [*Long, Huey], губернатор штата Луизиана в 1930-е гг.; Уайт, Эдвард [White, Edward D Jr.], космонавт. Ассоциации: Новый Орлеан, сохранивший многие черты самобытной креольской культуры, с шумным и красочным весенним карнавалом Марди-Гра, родина джаза в стиле «диксиленд», где ведущую роль играет кларнет; город, где процветает коррупция, где мафия и гангстеры расправляются с неугодными им людьми под шум весёлого карнавала; страна бедных поселений вдоль бесчисленных рукавов [*bayous] в дельте р. Миссисипи, где обитают потомки французских колонистов-кейжанов с их традициями и самобытной кухней, в которой преобладают «черноглазые бобы» [black-eyed beans]; «страна аллигаторов», где существовал странный обычай укрощения аллигатора священником во время проповеди [alligator wrestling]США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > Louisiana
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13 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
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Dictionary of Brazilian Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1988.■ TRAVEL AND TOURIST GUIDES ON PORTUGAL■ Ballard, Sam, and Jane Ballard. Pousadas of Portugal: Unique Lodgings in State-owned Castles, Palaces, Mansions and Hotels. Boston: Harvard Common, 1986.■ Bridge, Ann, and Susan Lowndes Marques. The Selective Traveller in Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1968.■ Ellingham, Mark, et al. Portugal: The Rough Guide. London: Rough Guides, 2008 ed.■ Hogg, Anthony. Travellers' Portugal. London: Solo Mio, 1983.■ Kite, Cynthia, and Ralph Kite. Portuguese Country Inns & Pousadas. New York: Warner Books; Karen Brown's Country Inn Series, 1988.■ Lowndes, Susan, ed. Fodor's Portugal 1991. New York: Fodor's, 1990.■ Proença Raúl, and Sant'anna Dionísio, eds. Guía De Portugal. I. Generalidades. Lisboa E, Arredores. Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1924; 1983.■ Robertson, Ian. Portugal: Blue Guide. London: Benn; New York: Norton, 2000 and later eds.■ Stoop, Anne de. Living in Portugal. 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Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.■ Disney, Anthony, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães, ed. Documentos sobre a expansão portuguesa [ to 1460], 3 vols. Lisbon, 1945-54.■ Guedes, Max, and Gerald Lombardi, eds. Portugal. Brazil: The Age of Atlantic Discoveries. Lisbon: Bertrand; Milan: Ricci; Brazilian Culture Foundation, 1990. [Catalogue of New York Public Library Exhibit, Summer 1990]■ Harley, J. B., and David Woodward. The History of Cartography. Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and Mediterranean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.■ Leite, Duarte. História dos Descobrimentos: Colectânea de esparsos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1958-61.■ Ley, Charles. Portuguese Voyages, 1498-1663. London: Dent, 1953.■ Marques, J. Martins da Silva. Descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1944-71.■ Martyn, John R. C., ed. Pedro Nunes ( 1502-1578): His Lost Algebra and Other Discoveries. John R. C. Martyn, trans. New York: Peter Lang, 1996.■ Morison, Samuel Eliot. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A. D. 500-1600. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.■. Portuguese Voyages to America in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.■ Mota, Avelino Teixeira da. Mar, Além-Mar-Estudos e Ensaios de História e Geografia. Lisbon, 1972.■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Vida e Obra do Infante D. Henrique. Lisbon, 1959.■ Parry, J. H. The Discovery of the Sea. New York: Dial, 1974.■ Penrose, Boies. Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, 1420-1620. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952.■ Peres, Damião. História dos Descobrimentos Portugueses. Oporto, 1943.■ Prestage, Edgar. The Portuguese Pioneers. London, 1933; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1967.■ Rogers, Francis M. Precision Astrolabe: Portuguese Navigators and Transoceanic Aviation. Lisbon, 1971.■ Seary, E. R. "The Portuguese Element in the Place Names of Newfoundland." In Luís Albuquerque, ed., Vice-Almirante A. Teixeira da Mota: In Memo-riam. Vol. II, 359-64. Lisbon: Academia da Marinha, 1989.■ Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.■ Velho, Alvaro. Roteiro ( Navigator's Route) da Primeira Viagem de Vasco da Gama ( 1497-1499). Lisbon, 1960.■ Winius, George, ed. Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World 1300-ca. 1600. Madison, Wisc.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.■ PORTUGAL AND HER OVERSEAS EMPIRES (1415-1975)■ Abshire, David M., and Michael A. Samuels, eds. Portuguese Africa: A Handbook. New York: Praeger, 1969.■ Afonso, Aniceto, and Carlos de Matos Gomes. Guerra Colonial. Lisbon: Noticias, 2001.■ Albuquerque, J. Moushino de. Moçambique. Lisbon, 1898.■ Alden, Dauril. The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire & Beyond. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995.■ Alexandre, Valentim. Orígens do Colonialismo Português Moderno ( 18221891). Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1979.■, and Jill Dias, eds. "O Império Africano 1825-1890. Volume X." In J.■ Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds., Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1998.■ Ames, Glen J. "The Carreira da India, 1668-1682: Maritime Enterprise and the Quest for Stability in Portugal's Asian Empire." Journal of European Economic History 20, 1 (1991): 7-28.■. Renascent Empire? The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia, ca. 1640-1683. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ.Press, 2000.■. Vasco da Gama. Renaissance Crusader. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2005.■ Antunes, José Freire. O Império com Pés de Barro: Colonizaçao e Descolonização: As Ideologias em Portugal. Lisbon: D. Quixote, 1980.■. O Factor Africano 1890-1990. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1990.■. A Guerra De Africa 1961-1974, 2 vols. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995-96.■. Jorge Jardim: Agente Secreto 1919-1982. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1996.■ Axelson, Eric A. South-East Africa, 1488-1530. London: Longmans, 1940.■. "Prince Henry and the Discovery of the Sea Route to India." Geographical Journal (U.K.) 127, 2 (June 1961): 145-58.■. Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, 1875-1891. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1967.■. Portuguese in South-East Africa, 1488-1699. Cape Town: Struik, 1973.■. Congo to Cape: Early Portuguese Explorers. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.■ Azevedo, Mário. Historical Dictionary of Mozambique, 2nd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003.■ Baião, António, Hernãni Cidade, and Manuel Murias, eds. História da Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 4 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40.■ Bender, Gerald J. "The Limits of Counterinsurgency [in the Angolan War, 1961-72]." Comparative Politics (1972): 331-60.■. Angola under the Portuguese: The Myth Versus Reality. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.■ Bhíla, H. H. K. Trade and Politics in a Shona Kingdom: The Manyika and Their Portuguese and African Neighbours, 1875-1902. Harlow, U.K.: Longman, 1990.■ Birmingham, David. The Portuguese Conquest of Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.■. Trade and Conflict in Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966.■. Frontline Nationalism in Angola & Mozambique. London: James Currey, 1992.■. Portugal and Africa. New York: St. Martins, 1999.■ Bottineau, Yves. Le Portugal Et Sa Vocation Maritime. Paris: Boccard, 1977. Boxer, C. R. Fidalgos in the Far East— Fact and Fancy in the History of Macau. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1948. ———. The Christian Century in Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951.■ ———. Salvador de Sá and the Struggle for Brazil and Angola, 1602-1688. London, 1952.■ ———. Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion, 1415-1825: A Succinct Survey. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1961.■ ———. The Golden Age of Brazil, 1695-1750. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962.■ ———. Race Relations in the Portuguese Colonial Empire, 1415-1825. Oxford:■ Clarendon Press, 1963. ———. Portuguese Society in the Tropics. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1965.■ ———. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415-1825. London: Hutchi nson, 1969.■ ———, and Carlos de Azevedo, eds. Fort Jesus and the Portuguese in Mombasa. London: Hollis and Carter, 1960.■ Broadhead, Susan H. Historical Dictionary of Angola, 2nd ed. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1992.■ Burton, Richard. Goa and the Blue Mountains. London: Bentley, 1851.■ Cabral, Luís. Crónica da Libertação. Lisbon, 1984.■ Caetano, Marcello. Colonizing Traditions, Principles and Methods of the Portuguese. Lisbon, 1951.■ ———. Portugal E A Internacionalização Dos Problemas Africanos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1965.■ Cann, John P. Counterinsurgency in Africa: The Portuguese Way of War, 1961-1974. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1997. Castelo, Claudia. " O modo portugues de estar no mundo." O luso-tropicalismo e a ideologia colonial portuguesa ( 1931-1961). Oporto: Afrontamento, 1998. Castro, Armando. O Sistema Colonial Português em Africa ( meados do Século XX). Lisbon, 1978.■ Chaliand, Gerard. "The Independence of Guinea-Bissau and the Heritage of [Amilcar] Cabral." In Revolution in the Third World. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1978.■ Chilcote, Ronald H. Portuguese Africa. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967.■ Clarence-Smith, Gervase. Slaves, Peasants and Capitalists in Southern Angola 1840-1926. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.■ ———. The Third Portuguese Empire 1825-1975: A Study in Economic Imperialism. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 1985.■ Coates, Timothy J. Convicts and Orphans: Forced and State-Sponsored Colonizers in the Portuguese Empire, 1550-1720. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2001.■ Davies, Shann. Macau. Singapore: Times Editions, 1986.■ Dias, C. Malheiro, ed. História da colonização portuguesa no Brasil, 3 vols. Oporto, 1921-24.■ Diffie, Bailey W., and George Winius. Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press, 1977.■ Disney, Anthony R. Twilight of the Pepper Empire: Portuguese Trade in Southwest India in the Early Seventeenth Century. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.■ ———, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.■ Duffy, James. Shipwreck and Empire: Being an Account of Portuguese Maritime Disaster in a Century of Decline. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1955.■ ———. Portuguese Africa. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1959. ———. Portugal in Africa. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962.■. "The Portuguese Territories." In Colin Legum, ed., Africa: A Handbook to the Continent. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1967. ———. A Question of Slavery. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967. Felgas, Hélio. História do Congo Português. Carmona, Angola, 1958. ———. Guerra em Angola. Lisbon, 1961.■ Galvão, Henrique, and Carlos Selvagam. O Império Ultramarino Português, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1953.■ Gleijeses, Piero. Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington and Africa, 19591976. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães. "Portugal and Her Empire." In The New Cambridge Modern History. Vol. V (1961): 384-97; Vol. VI (1963): 509-TO.■ Grenfell, F. James. História da Igreja Baptista em Angola, 1879-1975. Queluz, Portugal: Núcleo, 1998.■ Hammond, Richard J. "Economic Imperialism: Sidelights on a Stereotype." Journal of Economic History XXI, 4 (1961): 582-98.■ ———. Portugal and Africa, 1815-1910: A Study in Uneconomic Imperialism. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1966.■ Hanson, Carl. Portugal and the Wider World 1147-1497. New Orleans, La.: University Press of the South, 2001.■ Harris, Marvin. Portugal's African Wards. 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Mozambique: The Africanization of a European Institution: The Zambezi Prazos, 1750-1902. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1972.■ ———. The Tradition of Resistance in Mozambique: Anti-Colonial Activity in the Zambesi Valley 1850-1921. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.■ James, Martin. Historical Dictionary of Angola, 3rd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2004.■ Jardim, Jorge. Sanctions Double-Cross: Oil to Rhodesia. Lisbon, 1978. Johnson, Harold, and Maria Beatriz Nizza da Silva. O Império Luso-Brasileiro 1500-1620. Volume VI. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1992. Joliffe, Jill. East Timor: Nationalism & Colonialism. University of Queensland Press, 1978.■ Kea, Ray A. Settlements, Trade and Politics in the Seventeenth Century Gold Coast. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.■ Kohen, Arnold. From the Place of the Dead. The Epic Struggles of Bishop Belo of East Timor. New York: St Martins, 1999.■ Livingstone, Charles, and David Livingstone. Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambezi and Its Tributaries. New York: 1866.■ Livingstone, David. Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa. London, 1857.■ Lobban, Richard, and Joshua Forrest. Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, 3rd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1996. Lobban, Richard, and Marilyn Halter. Historical Dictionary of Cape Verde, 3rd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1993. Martino, Antonio M. Joao de Azevedo Coutinho. Marinheiro e soldado de Portugal. Lisbon: Colibri, 2002. Martins, Rocha. História das Colónias Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1933. Marvaud, Angel. Le Portugal et Ses Colonies. Paris, 1912. Mason, Philip, ed. Angola: A Symposium; Views of a Revolt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961. Melo, João de, ed. Os Anos Da Guerra 1961-1975: Os Portugueses em Africa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1988. Miller, Joseph C. 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Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. 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André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1987.■ Bowe, Patrick, and Nicolas Sapieha. Gardens of Portugal. New York: Scala Books and Harper and Row, 1989.■ Cane, Florence du. The Flowers and Gardens of Madeira. London, 1924.■ Cardoso, Pedro Homem, and Helder Carita. Da Grandeza das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.■ Carita, Helder, and Homem Cardoso. Portuguese Gardens. London: Antique Collector's Club, 1987.■ Costa, António da, and Luís de O. Franquinho. Madeira: Plantas e Floras. Funchal, 1986.■ Nichols, Rose Standish. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston, 1926.■ Pereira, Arthur D. Sintra and Its Farm Manors. Sintra, 1983.■ Sampaio, Gonçalo. Flora Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1946.■ Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1945.■ Underwood, John, and Pat Underwood. Landscapes of Madeira. London, 1980.■ Vieira, Rui. Flowers of Madeira. Funchal, 1973.■ Viterbo, Francisco Marques de Sousa. A Jardinagem em Portugal, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1906-9.■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.■ EQUESTRIANISM■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.comHistorical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
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14 Baton Rouge
Город на юго-востоке штата Луизиана. 227,8 тыс. жителей (2000; около 50 % населения - афроамериканцы [ Afro-Americans]); в МСА Батон-Руж [Baton Rouge MSA (MSA)] - 602,8 тыс. жителей. Административный центр (столица) штата Луизиана (с 1849), административный центр [ county seat] прихода Ист-Батон-Руж [East Baton Rouge Parish] (с 1811). Расположен в районе, где жили индейцы хьюма [ Houma] и байю-гула [Bayou Goula]. Основан в 1719 как французский форт для защиты путешественников к северу от Нового Орлеана [ New Orleans]. Название города, буквально означающее "красная палка", напоминает о кипарисе, который обозначал границу охотничьих угодий племен. Перешел к англичанам в 1763 в конце войны с французами и индейцами [ French and Indian War], но в результате первого сражения за Батон-Руж [Baton Rouge, First Battle of] (21 сентября 1779) во время Войны за независимость [ War of Independence] временно достался испанцам, которые после продажи Луизианы [ Louisiana Purchase] (1803) объявили город частью владения Западная Флорида. Восставшие против испанцев жители города, одержавшие верх во втором сражении за Батон-Руж [Baton Rouge, Second Battle of] (23 сентября 1810), образовали независимую республику Западная Флорида, которая в том же году вошла в состав США. Статус города с 1817. Во время Гражданской войны [ Civil War] (1862) город был захвачен северянами, оставлен на короткое время, но с декабря 1862 удерживался ими до конца конфликта. Статус столицы был восстановлен в 1882. Промышленное развитие Батон-Ружа было во многом обусловлено стратегическим географическим положением и близостью месторождений нефти и газа. Крупный морской порт в устье р. Миссисипи [ Mississippi River] и на Мексиканском заливе [ Mexico, Gulf of] (речные баржи, суда "река-море"). Мост через р. Миссисипи (на западном берегу расположены преимущественно нефтеперерабатывающие заводы и плантации сахарного тростника). Центр нефтепереработки и нефтехимии (производство синтетического каучука, минеральных удобрений, органических химикатов). Промышленный пояс сконцентрирован на берегу реки вдоль дороги Ривер-Роуд [River Road], идущей из Нового Орлеана. Торговый центр сельскохозяйственного района (соя, сахарный тростник); первый нефтеперерабатывающий завод построен в 1909 компанией "Стандард ойл" [ Standard Oil Company]. Производство глинозема. Аэропорт [Baton Rouge Metropolitan Airport]. В районе - добыча нефти, газа, серы. Юридический факультет [Law Center] Университета штата Луизиана [ Louisiana State University], Южный университет [Southern University], Сельскохозяйственный и технический колледж [Agricultural and Mechanical College] (1880). Над городом возвышается 34-этажное здание капитолия штата [State Capitol] со смотровой башней, построенное в 1932 по указанию губернатор Х. Лонга [ Long, Huey Pierce], одно из самых высоких на Юге. Среди других достопримечательностей - старое здание Капитолия штата [Old State Capitol], старинный особняк губернатора [Old Governor's Mansion], Музей сельской жизни [Rural Life Museum], Центр истории мореплавания [Nautical Historic Center], где на вечном приколе находится эсминец "Кидд" [U.S.S. Kidd], прошедший через многие морские сражения второй мировой войны. Город управляется по схеме "мэр-городской совет" [ mayor-council plan].English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Baton Rouge
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15 state holiday
Официальный праздник, отмечаемый в одном или нескольких штатах. Каждый штат самостоятельно утверждает количество праздничных (нерабочих) дней в году, календарные даты и номенклатуру праздников. Официальными праздниками штатов являются: в штате Айова - [ Youth Honor Day], Алабама - [ Confederate Memorial Day; Jefferson Davis's Birthday; Robert E. Lee's Birthday; Thomas Jefferson's Birthday], Аляска - [ Alaska Day; Seward's Day], Аризона - [ American Family Day], Арканзас - [ General Douglas MacArthur Memorial Day; Robert E. Lee's Birthday], Вашингтон - [ Day after Thanksgiving], Вермонт - [ Bennington Battle Day, Town Meeting Day], Вирджиния - [Lee-Jackson-King Day], Висконсин - [ Leif Ericsson Day], Гавайи - [ Admission Day; Kamehameha Day; Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole Day], Делавэр - [ Delaware Day, Separation Day], Джорджия - [ Confederate Memorial Day; Georgia Day; Jefferson Davis's Birthday], Западная Вирджиния - [ West Virginia Day], Иллинойс - [ Casimir Pulaski's Birthday], Индиана - [ General Pulaski Memorial Day; Senior Citizens Day], Калифорния - [ Admission Day], Кентукки - [ Confederate Memorial Day; Franklin D. Roosevelt's Birthday; Robert E. Lee's Birthday], Колорадо - [Colorado Day], Луизиана - [ All Saints' Day; Jackson Day, Battle of New Orleans Day; Confederate Memorial Day; Huey P. Long Day], Массачусетс - [ Bunker Hill Day, Evacuation Day; Patriots' Day], Миннесота - [ Day after Thanksgiving; Frances Willard Day; Leif Ericsson Day; Minnesota Day; Susan B. Anthony's Day], Миссисипи - [ Confederate Memorial Day; Jefferson Davis's Birthday; Robert E. Lee's Birthday], Миссури - [ Truman Day], Мэн - [ Day after Thanksgiving; Patriots' Day], Мэриленд - [ Defenders' Day; Maryland Day], Небраска - [ Arbor Day; Day after Thanksgiving], Невада - [ Nevada Day], Нью-Хэмпшир - [ Fast Day], Нью-Йорк - [ Verrazano Day], Оклахома - [ Cherokee Strip Day; Indian Day; Oklahoma Day; Oklahoma Heritage Week; Oklahoma Historical Day; Senior Citizens Day; Thomas Jefferson's Birthday; Will Rogers Day, Youth Day], Пенсильвания - [ Flag Day], Род-Айленд - [ Rhode Island Independence Day; Victory Day], Северная Каролина - [ Easter Monday; Mecklenburg Independence Day; Patriots' Day]; Теннесси [Nathan Bedford Forest's Birthday], Техас - [ Confederate Heroes Day; Emancipation Day; Lyndon B. Johnson's Birthday; San Jacinto Day; Texas Independence Day], Флорида - [ Confederate Memorial Day; Day after Thanksgiving; Jefferson Davis's Birthday, Pascua Florida Day; Robert E. Lee's Birthday; Susan B. Anthony's Day], Южная Каролина - [ Jefferson Davis's Birthday; Robert E. Lee's Birthday], Юта - [ Arbor Day, Pioneer Day], Пуэрто-Рико - [ Abolition Day, Barbosa's Birthday; Constitution Day, De Diego's Birthday, De Hostos' Birthday; Discovery Day, Munoz Riviera's Birthday, Three Kings' Day]English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > state holiday
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16 Laffite, Jean
[lǝˊfɪt] [ʒɑ:n] Лафит, Жан, французский пират начала XIX в., действовавший в районе Нового Орлеана ( штат Луизиана). Вызвался помочь ген. Эндрю Джексону в войне против англичан и участвовал в сражении за Новый Орлеан [Battle of New Orleans]. Герой многих легендСША. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > Laffite, Jean
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17 War of 1812
война 1812 между Великобританией и США (1812—15), иногда называемая тж. «второй американской войной за независимость». В ходе войны американские войска сделали неудачную попытку вторжения в Канаду, а англичане в ответ сожгли Белый дом и ряд других зданий в Вашингтоне. На море и на Великих озёрах американские корабли часто одерживали верх над противником (см. ‘We have met the enemy and they are ours’). Самую большую победу американцы одержали в Новоорлеанском сражении [Battle of New Orleans], где войсками командовал Эндрю Джексон. По иронии судьбы сражение произошло через две недели после того, как был подписан мирный договор, но воюющие стороны ещё не знали об этомСША. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > War of 1812
См. также в других словарях:
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